By Michael Freund, Jerusalem Post
For the past 1500 years, Jews around the world have devoted themselves to the study of Talmud.
More than any other book besides the Bible, the Talmud has shaped the Jewish people, its values and world-view.
Generation after generation has rejoiced in its intricacies and delved into its complexities, poring over the text with an extraordinary combination of love and purpose.
The debates between Hillel and Shamai, Abbaye and Rava, and Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Meir fired our people’s collective imagination and helped to preserve the integrity of Jewish tradition throughout the exile.
But the centrality of the Talmud in Jewish life now faces an alarming threat from a most unexpected source: Israel’s religious educational system. Sadly, it seems that a large number of students are learning to hate – yes, hate this most remarkable of books.
Ask any Israeli religious high school student what subject he likes least and chances are that the Talmud will be right at the top of the list of the most unpopular.
In an admittedly unscientific survey that I recently conducted among a number of religious Israeli teens, I could not find one – not a single one! – who said that he enjoyed learning Talmud in school. Some were quite enthusiastic about math, computers or even history, but mere mention of the Talmud elicited reactions that were often visceral and tinged with frustration.
“I hate it,” said one. “It is boring and has nothing to do with my life,” said another, echoing many of the criticisms that I heard from others. “I don’t understand it,” he added, “I can’t follow the text, and don’t see why we cannot just learn what the halacha is instead.”
THE PROBLEM is hardly new and has been a topic of discussion for more than two decades.
In 1989, Hebrew University Professor Mordechai Bar-Lev published a ground-breaking – and heart-breaking – study of the subject. Asked to rank their subjects of study in order of preference, many respondents put the Talmud at or near the bottom, while 44 percent said it was “boring.”
Nonetheless, not enough has been done in the interim to correct the situation.
The fact that hundreds and possibly thousands of religious Israeli youth are systematically being turned off to the Talmud is a Jewish tragedy in the making and it must be addressed.
To be sure, there are objective difficulties in teaching Talmud to teens. The text is in Aramaic and has no punctuation, making it intimidating to many would-be students.
It takes time to grasp the methodology and structure, and the topics under discussion can often seem arcane to youths growing up in the iPod generation.
Accustomed to immediate gratification, many teens seem to lack the patience and perseverance that are necessary to work one’s way through the thicket of legal argumentation.
Clearly, a lot of tinkering needs to be done with how the Talmud is taught, especially to those who are more likely find it difficult.
Simple changes, such as taking a topical approach rather than plowing straight through the text, could go far in making Talmud study more appealing to such youth.
For example, instead of opening up the seventh chapter of tractate Baba Kamma to teach students about various laws relating to theft, they could instead learn how the Talmud might view the purchase of pirated DVDs or the download of music from the internet.
By making the text more relevant to their everyday lives, teens are far less likely to be turned off to its study.
Instructing youths in some of the basics of Aramaic might also make the Talmud more accessible and less intimidating.
But it may just also be time to consider some more radical alternatives as well.
Two months ago, Rabbi Yosef Avraham Heller, a prominent Chabad-Lubavitch rabbi who is a member of the Crown Heights Rabbinical Court, did just that, causing a stir when he suggested that perhaps not everyone needs to study Talmud intensively.
“Before the War, it was unheard of that every child learned in yeshiva the entire day; it was only a selection of students,” Rabbi Heller said, adding that, “Today, however, there is a new ideal that has no source in Torah: everyone has to learn Gemara, and someone who learns Mishna is considered a ‘loser.'”
“Never in history,” he noted, “was there such a phenomenon.
Throughout the generations, each person learned according to his level.”
Rabbi Heller rightly pointed out that “it does not make sense for each person to learn the same thing, for Hashem [God] did not create us the same.”
Indeed, sometimes less is more.
Now, don’t get me wrong. Personally, I love the Talmud and find it to be an endless source of wisdom and fascination.
But for many Israeli teens, spending two to four hours a day studying Talmud may actually be pushing them away from Judaism rather than enhancing their spirituality.
The current system is simply not working, and a way must be found to impart a fondness for the Talmud among Israeli youth.
Left unchanged, the present method will surely continue to produce many formidable Talmudic scholars, but it will also result in a frightening number of graduates filled with animosity and distaste for one of our people’s greatest masterpieces.
–The writer is Chairman of Shavei Israel (www.shavei.org), which assists lost tribes and hidden Jewish communities to return to the Jewish people.
Let define here some of the semantic terms -Gemarah -Teacher-Rebbi -Learning -Hate-Love -Academic -Methodology -Semantic -and the W’s of course (Who, Whom, When, Where, Why or hoW) The child in his ideal scholastic frame has to learn a curriculum as it infers in Pirkey Avot: ben 5 lemikra,… ben 18 l’chupah…However, due to unreasonable reasons ( as condemned by the Maharal p.15) the ‘pilpul and divrey Hevel’ took prevalence over the learning of Torah (knowing data and information and to work with them), with a unversed the chronology and priorities of material to be study (often the children don’t know… Read more »
Do you know that Rabbi Yossi Rosenblum from Pittsberg Yeshivah Schools has an exciting computer program fpr GEMORO? Get in touch with him
Eitz Chaim He. It is recommended for anyone interested in addressing the Mitzvah of Chinuch to study, review and learn Hilchos Talmud Torah. A pre-requisite to proper in-depth study is a grasp of the language the material is in. Teaching languages is better to do when those learning are younger. Teaching material is better to do when those learning have a broader understanding of the language. First and foremost is reading Torah (shebichsav) over and over b’ta’amim (without translation), and then to learn pirush etc. It is mentioned there (HTT) that since Torah (sheba’al peh) was recorded (and limitations arose)… Read more »
should be learnt but not for 7 hrs a day! it killed me in yeshivah. why only 45 min halacha? and we wonder why bochrim don’t know any halacha?
and the real problem are that many of the teachers in our yeshovos don’t know how to teach the skills to the students how learn gemara on their own, so its chinese from the first day untill the last day of yeshivah with an artscroll in between.
Simple Jews learned Gemoroh via Ein Yaakov. Introducing the language of the Gemoroh via Ein Yaakov might be a way to ease the talmid who is having difficulty learning, into being able to make a “leining” for himself. Shnaim Ochzin might be too abstract for some of our students, but Ein Yaakov isn’t. Also “rov sodos hatorah genuzin boh”.
I’ve read that even non Jewish Korean children learn Talmud in school because it sharpens the mind.
The article and all the comments miss the other half of Rabbi Heller’s message — that there is no cirriculum or teacher training available for this idea and we should sell every sefer torah in crown heights (leaving one per shul). You think the success of JLI came from nothing? Someone was willing to pour in MILLIONS of dollars for the project to succeed. And succeed it did, revitalizing Mivtza Torah like nothing ever before. Until something similar happens here, there cannot be meaningful change.
old topic, much discussed everywhere, with no one really willing to change, same old story with either the same people or different people with the same attitudes, and lack of understanding running the yeshiva, money or last name makes the decisions, they talk how they want to change, but then can’t find the way on how to do it, or the talk about parent input but really don’t mean about educational decisions, they may mean well, and even try to fix things financially, but don’t see the big picture, or don’t want to, don’t ask too many questions, or else… Read more »
if once schools were stroctured like departement stores ,with a lttle for everyone,nowadays we want/need boutiques.More attention to the individual student,will allow each one to be able to learn even gemoroh, even toisefos etc.,we only need to know even before beginning of the school yearwho are those children that will need special attention, then invest in afew rabbeim who have shown abilities & recieved some training to reach such students ,take them out of class in very small groups or if necessary 1 on 1, they will recieve the help & the tools they need to learn better inside the… Read more »
just like in pirkei avos…ben chamesh esreh legmara…
fifteen years of age is when one is to start learning gemarah…
Children are taught mishna before they now the Tanach. They are taught gemara before they have an appreciation of mishna. Why should ten year olds be taught gemara?
thats the problem in all yeshivos today
hudreds of kids have to suffer with boring uninteresting teachers (lets not forget 1 teacher for 35 kids)
because of money??? that might explain why majority of kids dont want learn
ther rebbe said more than once you do what is right and good for the kids and hashem would give u the money
but not only among israeli youth but among our own in america as well the problem exists on a large scale and even when a program opens up that would cater to such needs any good but “challenged” boys are too scared of ruining their record to join it and it inevitbaly it becomes a yeshiva for off the track boys because those are the only ones joining and someones gotta pay the bills
Finally someone gets it!!!!
This article appeared in the Yiddishe Heim. In those days the Rebbe looked these articles over and made notes in the margins. My Child Is Not a “Learner” Rabbi Yeheskel Lebovic Yeshiva Education on the Rise Over the past four decades Torah-true Judaism has made tremendous strides in America and elsewhere. Jewish schools are flourishing, some of them bursting at the seams. Jewish life is vibrant and pulsating. The Torah community keeps growing in a exponential progression, aided by the fact that observant Jews are the ones having the most children. The yeshiva system of education is becoming the norm… Read more »
Talmud covers many areas such as – Reading skills -Hebrew skills/ Rashi -Comprehension skills -Critical analysis- -Historical background To all those critisising our schools. Some children come in to a yeshiva seriously behind because of a great variety of reasons and if they are behind in any, Talmud will mean failure. for them Only individual tutoring and time can correct this. This costs lots of money. And for some this would not help because the have a learning deficiency. Most parents do not have this money. So they blame someone else for a problem that is inherent in our community,… Read more »
Less is more. One hour a day of Gemorrah with a very interesting teacher that poses questions relevent to their lives. Next year, offer a special 21/2 hours for the only most brilliant students. Almost everyone will want to get into that class. Those students are increased to three hours the next year, etc.
But you’re an idiot.
If it were another topic under discussion I probably would have used the more politically correct and less inflammatory term “misguided soul.” But since your comment has a complete lack of apathy to the very real distress hundreds of children are going through, speaking to the point is more important than cuddling your ego and entertaining your well-meaning but incorrect views .
We are throwing out the baby with the bath water at such high numbers every year and observation shows lots of these teens struggled in school. We need to have a more diverse school setting in our chabad yeshivas and make sure every child is able to suceed and feel good about the strengths “GIFTS” he has been given by G-D!!! Shame on our own system who goes out and tries to make the world a brighter place elevating one soul at a time yet doing a terrible injustice to tomorrows future. I PRAY this will be the beginning to… Read more »
your 100% right.
don’t stop teaching gemara chas v’sholom…just tailor it to the capactity of the students to sit and absorb it..
once they get into a little and can learn as quick as they want, they just might find the ‘stories’ intresting after all.
You have $ to pay for your ideas?
IF Rav Heller is right, that not everyone is fit for Gemarah, then Rav Helller’s (if one is honest all the way) is: that not everyone is fit to learning mishenh a whole day and focus on texts a whole (*any* text) and the logical honest conclusion is, that just as before the war not everyone learned in yeshivah and instead went to learn a trade so too today , for those who are not fit to textual studies should be given the tools to learn a trade! Those that are turned from yidishkeyt by learning difficult talmud are turned… Read more »
As a teacher I agree with Rabbi Heller 100%!!!
Of course it helps us with understanding word & methalogy; But on the other hand it prevents an individual of using his mind to get the essence & nesacery means to learn alone;
The problem doesn’t lie with “the teacher – the mashpia” but with the school.
It is the responsibility of the school to create a curriculum and for the teacher to follow it.
Instead they just throw a teacher and kids together in a room and say “fight it out!”
it’s a living tradition
I wanted to write this article. Thank you for beating me to it (and perhaps doing a better job!)
I don’t believe that we need to stop teaching Gemara. I do believe however that we need to fundamentally change our objectives and methods.
I have been saying this for the past 30 years. I saw firsthand how some of my sons and now grandsons struggle with the 6 hours per day of gemara..standard in most of our yeshivas. My grandmother used to tell me that in europe her sons worked to help make a living, as did most of the boys, and that one of her sons ‘had a gemara kup’ and the teachers begged him to come to yeshiva. “that was considered an honor, most boys were not invited to learn”… Just like Rabbi Heller says, not everyone has a knack for… Read more »
gemmoro has a bit of everything even stories! anyone can appreciate it they just need to find a sugya they enjoy.
The problem of Gemora study does not lie in the student – the mekabel,, but rather the teacher – the mashpia. The Rebbe’s shita was always to make every part of Torah relevant to today – even the most seemilngly arcane subjects. The purpose of learning Gemora is not to learn how to do anything. That is the purpose of Shulchan Aruch. The purpose of Gemora is to learn how to think in a logical holistic (whole-istic) approach. The expression “goyishe kop” refers to the very linear way in which non-Jews approach a problem based on the teachings of Euclid… Read more »
i agree with u 100 %